Previous Topic, In the tutorial we are going to learn Automating Hybrid Apps with Appium. Before going further lets understand with is Hybrid Apps.

In automation testing point of view, while automation the hybrid app, we come up with two approaches, native app and web view. When ever we have to switch from native to web platform. We need to change the context and continue with scripting or execution.

How to change context from Native to Web view in Hybrid app?

During the automation creation or execution, whenever there is a need to change the context, it can be performed getContextHandles() method, within the driver instance which returns a Set contains all the context within the hybrid app.

If we want to switch to any context, we can iterate and get in to webview and perform the action that is done with in web application.

Automating Hybrid Apps with Appium

• Launch the hybrid application “WebView Test” on your device.
• Click to website icon on the top right.
• Enter the website name “facebook.com”
• Input the User name in the user text box
• Enter the password under password textbox.
• Close the application.

public static DesiredCapabilities capabilities=null;
public AndroidDriver<AndroidElement> adriver=null;

File app =new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\apks\\WEBVIEWTEST.apk");
		
capabilities =new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability("deviceName","Redmi");			//capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, "Chrome");
capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion","9 PKQ1.181203.001");			capabilities.setCapability("platformName","Android");			capabilities.setCapability("chromedriverExecutable","C:\\Users\\XXXXX\\Desktop\\Eclipse_Installer\\GeckoDriver\\chromedriver.exe");
capabilities.setCapability("noReset","true");
capabilities.setCapability("fullReset","false");						capabilities.setCapability("appium:chromeOptions",ImmutableMap.of("w3c",false));	
capabilities.setCapability("app", app.getAbsolutePath());
			
try {
System.out.println("Opening Hybrid Application");
adriver = new AndroidDriver<AndroidElement>(new URL("http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities); 
Thread.sleep(3000);
AndroidElement browsrIcon =adriver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().resourceId(\"com.snc.test.webview2:id/action_go_website\")"));
browsrIcon.click();
				
AndroidElement inputUrl=adriver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().resourceId(\"com.snc.test.webview2:id/input_url\")"));	
			
inputUrl.sendKeys("facebook.com");			
Thread.sleep(2000);
				
AndroidElement goButton=adriver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().resourceId(\"android:id/button1\")"));				
				
goButton.click();
	
Set<String> contextNames =adriver.getContextHandles();				
Iterator<String> itr=contextNames.iterator();			
while(itr.hasNext()){
				
System.out.println(itr.next());	
}
				
adriver.context((String) contextNames.toArray()[1]); 				adriver.findElement(By.id("email")).sendKeys("code2test.com");				adriver.findElement(By.id("pass")).sendKeys("TestingSite");
adriver.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

Step 1) Add the below capabilities on the Appium Automation script:

//Create the object of Desired Capability
capabilities =new DesiredCapabilities();
//Define the Device name
capabilities.setCapability(“deviceName”,”Redmi”);
//Define the platform version
capabilities.setCapability(“platformVersion”,”9 PKQ1.181203.001″);
//Define Platform name
capabilities.setCapability(“platformName”,”Android”);
//provide the chrome driver exe path saved in local system with same version as the browser version in mobile device
capabilities.setCapability(“chromedriverExecutable”,”C:\Users\Girvar Singh Negi\Desktop\Eclipse_Installer\GeckoDriver\chromedriver.exe”);
//Define Browser name
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, “Chrome”);
//Define the string for chrome option
capabilities.setCapability(“appium:chromeOptions”,ImmutableMap.of(“w3c”,false));

Step 2) Create the object the android Driver passing host, port number along with capabilities as a parameter

adriver = new AndroidDriver(new URL(“http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub”), capabilities)

AndroidElement browsrIcon =adriver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator(“new UiSelector().resourceId(\”com.snc.test.webview2:id/action_go_website\”)”));browsrIcon.click();

AndroidElement inputUrl=adriver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator(“new UiSelector().resourceId(\”com.snc.test.webview2:id/input_url\”)”)); inputUrl.sendKeys(“facebook.com”);

Set<String> contextNames =adriver.getContextHandles();

Iterator itr=contextNames.iterator();
while(itr.hasNext()){ System.out.println(itr.next());
}

adriver.context((String) contextNames.toArray()[1]);

• adriver.findElement(By.id(“email”)).sendKeys(“code2test.com”); adriver.findElement(By.id(“pass”)).sendKeys(“TestingSite”);

adriver.close();

Prevoius Topic, We are going to learn to perform Mobile WebApplication Automation with Appium, in this tutorial, but before we start let understand about WebApplication Automation.

What is WebApplication Automation in Mobile?

The locator or the objects for mobile apps(native & hybrid) is different then the locators or objects in mobile web application because of different platform.

The locators in Mobile application is inspect in the same way as we did in Selenium, and also to create or execute the automation script for web application in mobile browser, we need to add few more capabilities .

How to perform Mobile WebApplication Automation with Appium?

• Open the facebook application in Mobile browser.
• Under “Create an Account “, Enter first name and last name.

Code:

Note: There are few Reference variable that are predefined these are:

public static DesiredCapabilities capabilities=null;
public AndroidDriver adriver=null;

capabilities =new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability("deviceName","Redmi");
//capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,"");
capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion","9 PKQ1.181203.001");
capabilities.setCapability("platformName","Android");
capabilities.setCapability("chromedriverExecutable","C:\Users\XXXXX\Desktop\Eclipse_Installer\GeckoDriver\chromedriver.exe");
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, "Chrome");
capabilities.setCapability("appium:chromeOptions",ImmutableMap.of("w3c",false));

try {
System.out.println("Opening the browser------------>");
adriver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities);
Thread.sleep(3000);
adriver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");
adriver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='firstname']")).sendKeys("Code2test.com");
adriver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='lastname']")).sendKeys("WebView Automation");

adriver.quit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

Code Description of above code:

//Create the object of Desired Capability
capabilities =new DesiredCapabilities();
//Define the Device name
capabilities.setCapability(“deviceName”,”Redmi”);
//Define the platform version
capabilities.setCapability(“platformVersion”,”9 PKQ1.181203.001″);
//Define Platform name
capabilities.setCapability(“platformName”,”Android”);
//provide the chrome driver exe path saved in local system with same version as the browser version in mobile device
capabilities.setCapability(“chromedriverExecutable”,”C:\Users\Girvar Singh Negi\Desktop\Eclipse_Installer\GeckoDriver\chromedriver.exe”);
//Define Browser name
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, “Chrome”);
//Define the string for chrome option
capabilities.setCapability(“appium:chromeOptions”,ImmutableMap.of(“w3c”,false));

Step 2) Create the object the android Driver passing host, port number along with capabilities as a parameter

adriver = new AndroidDriver(new URL(“http://0.0.0.0:4723/wd/hub”), capabilities)

adriver.get(“https://www.facebook.com/”);

adriver.findElement(By.xpath(“//input[@name=’firstname’]”)).sendKeys(“Code2test.com”);

adriver.findElement(By.xpath(“//input[@name=’lastname’]”)).sendKeys(“WebView Automation”); adriver.quit()

Conclusion:

So with the below tutorial, we have learned how to automated the web browser application using mobile device and inspect and work with the element on mobile web.

or in other words during the in zoom action the coordinates (x,y) from a specific point changes ,is being moved to other point location results in the change in co ordinates, which magnifies the window and makes it more clear to the user.

The zoom action is performed manually with the help of multiple touch(more than two), so that the area to be zoom out or in can be made larger or smaller , the action can be performed by double touch, triple touch or multi touch. Lets understand how to perform in Appium.

How to to perform Appium Zoom with MultiTouchAction in Android?

For each touch action, we individually perform action ( move the co ordinates from on place to another) creating different object and finally add them using MultiTouchAction using add method.

Dimension dim=adriver.manage().window().getSize();     
int width=dim.width;
int height =dim.height;

int firstTouchXcoordinate_Start =(int)(width*.5);
int firstTouchYcoordinate_Start =(int)(height*.4);

int firstTouchXcoordinate_End =(int)(width*.1);
 int firstTouchYcoordinate_End =(int)(height*.1);

 int secondTouchXcoordinate_Start =(int)(width*.5);
 int secondTouchYcoordinate_Start =(int)(height*.6);

 int secondTouchXcoordinate_End =(int)(width*.9);
 int secondTouchYcoordinate_End =(int)(height*.9);

 TouchAction touch1=new TouchAction(adriver);
 TouchAction touch2=new TouchAction(adriver);

 touch1.longPress(PointOption.point(firstTouchXcoordinate_Start, firstTouchYcoordinate_Start))
 .waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofMillis(2000)))
 .moveTo(PointOption.point(firstTouchXcoordinate_End, firstTouchYcoordinate_End));

 touch2.longPress(PointOption.point(secondTouchXcoordinate_Start, secondTouchYcoordinate_Start))
 .waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofMillis(2000)))
 .moveTo(PointOption.point(secondTouchXcoordinate_End, secondTouchYcoordinate_End));

 MultiTouchAction multi=new MultiTouchAction(adriver);
 multi.add(touch1).add(touch2).perform();

Code Description of above code:

Dimension dim=adriver.manage().window().getSize();
int width=dim.width;
int height =dim.height;

int firstTouchXcoordinate_Start =(int)(width.5); int firstTouchYcoordinate_Start =(int)(height.4);

int firstTouchXcoordinate_End =(int)(width.1); int firstTouchYcoordinate_End =(int)(height.1);

int secondTouchXcoordinate_Start =(int)(width.5); int secondTouchYcoordinate_Start =(int)(height.6);

int secondTouchXcoordinate_End =(int)(width.9); int secondTouchYcoordinate_End =(int)(height.9);

TouchAction touch1=new TouchAction(adriver);
TouchAction touch2=new TouchAction(adriver);

touch1.longPress(PointOption.point(firstTouchXcoordinate_Start, firstTouchYcoordinate_Start))
.waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofMillis(2000)))
.moveTo(PointOption.point(firstTouchXcoordinate_End, firstTouchYcoordinate_End));

touch2.longPress(PointOption.point(secondTouchXcoordinate_Start, secondTouchYcoordinate_Start))
.waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofMillis(2000)))
.moveTo(PointOption.point(secondTouchXcoordinate_End, secondTouchYcoordinate_End));

MultiTouchAction multi=new MultiTouchAction(adriver);
multi.add(touch1).add(touch2).perform();

Conclusion: So we can not perform Appium zoom action with multi gesture using MultiTouchAction and add mulitple touch to it.

Previous Topic, We are going to learn Drag And Drop Action using Appium in this tutorial using Touch Action.

Drag And Drop are the two action that are performed simultaneously for moving the element from one place to another specific or defined place.

During the drag and drop event, an element changes its place or in other words its x and y co-ordinates and placed to another place with new x and y co-ordinates.

The movement of the element is done by providing a container which captures an object and changes its DOM structure and DOM gets refresh during run time , results in change in locator element along with its attributes and values.

How to Perform Drag And Drop Action using Appium?

Appium provides a set of commands to perform drag and drop operation with in mobile application. Touch Action Class provides the method to longpress the element , which is to be dragged and moveTo method helps in dropping the element to its destination location on the basis of x and y co-ordinates.

Scenarion:

1. Open the “Drag & Drop” in mobile device (if not installed, recommend you install from playstore).
2. Select the Literature
3. Answer the question by dragging the first Option and dropping it to Square bracket(???).
4. close the application.

AndroidElement literature =driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().text(\"LITERATURE\")"));

literature.click();
					
AndroidElement dragElement =driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().resourceId(\"dragdrop.stufflex.com.dragdrop:id/chooseA\")"));

AndroidElement dropElement =driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().resourceId(\"dragdrop.stufflex.com.dragdrop:id/answer\")"));
					
int middleXCoordinate_dragElement =dragElement.getLocation().x + (dragElement.getSize().width/2);

int middleYCoordinate_dragElement =dragElement.getLocation().y + (dragElement.getSize().height/2);
				
int middleXCoordinate_dropElement =dropElement.getLocation().x + (dropElement.getSize().width/2);

int middleYCoordinate_dropElement =dropElement.getLocation().y + (dropElement.getSize().height/2);
				
TouchAction  action =new TouchAction(adriver);
action.longPress(PointOption.point(middleXCoordinate_dragElement, middleYCoordinate_dragElement))
.waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofSeconds(3)))
.moveTo(PointOption.point(middleXCoordinate_dropElement, middleYCoordinate_dropElement))
.release()
.perform();

Code Description:(drag and Drop)

AndroidElement literature =driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator(“new UiSelector().text(\”LITERATURE\”)”));

literature.click();

AndroidElement dragElement =driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator(“new UiSelector().resourceId(\”dragdrop.stufflex.com.dragdrop:id/chooseA\”)”));

AndroidElement dropElement =driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator(“new UiSelector().resourceId(\”dragdrop.stufflex.com.dragdrop:id/answer\”)”));

int middleXCoordinate_dragElement =dragElement.getLocation().x + (dragElement.getSize().width/2);

int middleYCoordinate_dragElement =dragElement.getLocation().y + (dragElement.getSize().height/2);

int middleXCoordinate_dropElement =dropElement.getLocation().x + (dropElement.getSize().width/2);

int middleYCoordinate_dropElement =dropElement.getLocation().y + (dropElement.getSize().height/2);

TouchAction action =new TouchAction(driver);

action.longPress(PointOption.point(middleXCoordinate_dragElement, middleYCoordinate_dragElement))
.waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofSeconds(2)))
.moveTo(PointOption.point(middleXCoordinate_dropElement, middleYCoordinate_dropElement))
.release()
.perform();

Code In Eclipse look like below screenshot:

Facebook-> https://www.facebook.com/code2test/?modal=admin_todo_tour

Previous Topic, We are going to learn the Vertical And Horizontal swipe/scroll in Appium in this tutorial. So lets start.

Swipe/Scroll is a touch Action which is performed in mobile device to move the mobile screen from top to bottom or bottom to top , so that the user can view the hidden elements of mobile application and perform action or event accordingly.

Vertical and horizontal scrolling/swipe are the two different approaches by which user move the application with in screen.

In vertical swipe/scroll, mobile application is moved from top to bottom by touch action and vice versa, where x co ordinates remains the same but y co ordinates changes simultaneously.

Similarly in horizontal swipe/scroll, mobile application on device is moved from left to right Or right to left, where x co-ordinates changes but y co-ordinates remains the same.

Note: In this Tutorial we will be take the example of Flipkart moble application to understand in depth and inspect its locator.

1 ) Vertical Scrolling: As we discussed above what is vertical scrolling, now we will discuss, how can we perform through Appium, Below is the code for vertical scrolling in appium.

TouchAction  action =new TouchAction(driver);	
Dimension size	=driver.manage().window().getSize();
int width=size.width;
int height=size.height;				
int middleOfX=width/2;
int startYCoordinate= (int)(height*.7);
int endYCoordinate= (int)(height*.2);
				
action.press(PointOption.point(middleOfX, startYCoordinate))
.waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofSeconds(2)))
.moveTo(PointOption.point(middleOfX, endYCoordinate)).release().perform();

Step 1) We have created the object of TouchAction by passing driver as a parameter.

TouchAction action =new TouchAction(adriver);

Step 2) Get the size of the mobile application window and extract its height and width and store it in a variable.

Dimension size =driver.manage().window().getSize();

int width=size.width;

int height=size.height;

Step 3) Now get the x co-ordinates of the middle of mobile application and store it in a variable by dividing the width by 2.

int middleOfX=width/2;

Step 4) Now take the start y co ordinate and end y co ordinate from where the swipe/scroll is to be

int startYCoordinate= (int)(height.7);

int endYCoordinate= (int)(height.2);

action.press(PointOption.point(middleOfX, startYCoordinate))
.waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofSeconds(2)))
.moveTo(PointOption.point(middleOfX, endYCoordinate)).release().perform();

How to perform Horizontal Swipe/Scroll in Appium?

2) Horizontal Scrolling: we have dicussed the horizontal scrolling above, now lets perform horizontal scrolling in appium.

List<AndroidElement> e=adriver.findElements(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().resourceId(\"com.flipkart.android:id/banner_image\")"));
AndroidElement firdelement=e.get(0);
AndroidElement secondElement=e.get(1);
AndroidElement thirdElement=e.get(2);
							
int midOfY =thirdElement.getLocation().y +(thirdElement.getSize().height/2);
int fromXLocation=thirdElement.getLocation().x;
int toXLocation=firdelement.getLocation().x;
						
TouchAction  action =new TouchAction(adriver);
action.press(PointOption.point(fromXLocation, midOfY))
.waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofSeconds(3)))
.moveTo(PointOption.point(toXLocation, midOfY))
.release()
.perform();

Code Description:(Horizontal Scrolling)

Step 1) Firstly inspect the elements of banner image at the top (as they all have common attribute value, so take all element on list.

List e=adriver.findElements(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator(“new UiSelector().resourceId(\”com.flipkart.android:id/banner_image\”)”));

Step 2) Get all the 3 android elements by their index.

AndroidElement firdelement=e.get(0);
// AndroidElement secondElement=e.get(1);
AndroidElement thirdElement=e.get(2);

Step 3) Now get the y co-ordinates till the mid of the image element by adding the location of y and half the size of image,

int midOfY =thirdElement.getLocation().y +(thirdElement.getSize().height/2);

Step 4) Now get the x coordinates of the element from which the swipe to be performed and the x coordinates to which the swipe is drived.

int fromXLocation=thirdElement.getLocation().x;
int toXLocation=firdelement.getLocation().x;

Step 5) Now press the element from starting element taking (x,y) co ordinate and wait for 2 seconds and then move to the destination element by (x,y) co ordinate.

action.press(PointOption.point(fromXLocation, midOfY))
.waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofSeconds(2)))
.moveTo(PointOption.point(toXLocation, midOfY))
.release()
.perform();

Code in Eclipse will look as below screenshot:

Conclusion:

So in this tutorial we have learned to perform vertical and horizontal scrolling in appium using the touch action with multiple commands.

How to perform TouchAction : Tap And longpress in Appium?

Touch action class has multiple events to perfrom actions on mobile devices like tap, release, press, longpress,cancel, moveto,wait etc.

In this tutorial we will be performing Tap, Press and long press on mobile application through appium client library, let start now.

//defining the locator 
AndroidElement e =driver.findElementByXPath(" ");

//Finding the x and y coordinates
int x=e.getLocation().x;
int y=e.getLocation().y;

//Creating the object of Touch Action
TouchAction  action =new TouchAction(adriver);

//Calling the tap method and passing the x and y co ordinates 
action.tap(PointOption.point(x, y)).perform();

//defining the locator 
AndroidElement e =driver.findElementByXPath(" ");

//Finding the x and y coordinates
int x=e.getLocation().x;
int y=e.getLocation().y;

//Creating the object of Touch Action
TouchAction  action =new TouchAction(adriver);

//Calling the press method and passing the x and y co ordinates 
action.press(PointOption.point(x, y)).perform();

action.press(PointOption.point(x, y)).waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofSeconds(2))).release().perform();

In the above code press with wait command, we firstly press an element in mobile application and then provide a wait of 2 seconds using WaitOptions.waitOptions() method and after 2 second release the press from the element.

3 ) LongPress: Longpress method is just simply pressing the UI element for a longer time span so that the specific element can trigger an even and perform action.

The longPress works same as press method with wait for certain seconds, the difference is that the longpress is a customised method where the wait is not implicitly defined.

//defining the locator 
AndroidElement e =driver.findElementByXPath(" ");

//Finding the x and y coordinates
int x=e.getLocation().x;
int y=e.getLocation().y;

//Creating the object of Touch Action
TouchAction  action =new TouchAction(adriver);

//Calling the longPress method and passing the x and y co ordinates
action.longPress(PointOption.point(x, y)).perform();

Conclusion:

So we have come with the final conclusion that, we can perform Touch Action on the mobile android device with events like tap, press, long press with the above mentioned code and syntex using Touch Action class.

Note: In this tutorial we will discuss few of the most frequently used method in UISelector with syntex and for the rest of method will share their name(implementation is same for all) with its decription

How to Use MobileBy class with UISelector in Appium?

Below are the most used method:

1 ) className (String className): This method sets the criteria of matching the class name with in the code heirarcy with the name provided as a parameter.

//Syntex
driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().className(\"Enter the Class Name here\")"));

2 ) resourceId(String id): This method search for the locator or inspect element from the code hierarchy on the basis of resourceId present first on the code.

//Syntex
//driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().resourceId(\"Enter the resource Id here\")"));

3) text(String text): Search on the basis of text visible on the widget of the page.

//Syntex
//driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().text(\"Enter the text here\")"));

4 ) packageName(String name): Search on the basis of package Name on the widget for the mobile application.

//Syntex
driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().packageName(\"Enter the package name here\")"));

5) decription(String desc): By providing the attribute value of content-description of the widget. We are good to locate or inspect the element.

//Syntex
driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().description(\"Enter the content-description here\")"));

6) instance(int instance): when we have element with similar property in that case we can identify or locate the element with the occurance of it instance no.The instance of an element is given by identifying element with common attribute followed by instance method.

//Syntex
driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().description(\"Enter the content-description here\")").instance(2));

7) index(int index): Search the widget on the basis of node index from layout.

//Syntex
driver.findElement(MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiSelector().resourceId(\"Enter the content-description here\")").index(2));

As we See above how UISelector works and defined with syntex, now we are going to list down few more methods below, their systex are same as we discussed above.

8) checkable(boolean value): It matches as search criteria with the current mobile window code hierarchy and looks if the element is checkable.

9) checked(boolean value): This method provides the search criteria in the widget to check that is checked.

10) clikable(boolean Value): This method checks whether the element is clikable.

If we wish to interact the elements with in mobile device, the first step is to interact with elements, Android driver instance provides the method “FindElement” and “FindElements” to locate the elements in mobile application.

How to implement FindElement And FindElements Command with Appium

The major difference between FindElement And FindElements is that FindElement returns a WebElement and FindElement returns a list of WebElements.

The different types of locators are below:

1 ) By ID: By using this ID attribute the Appium inspector find the first element with the same id value and return the object. This is the most adopted way of locating the element, as most of the time the ID is unique. If the locator is not unique it displays an error message as “NoSuchElementException”.

Syntex for ID Attribute is below:

//driver.findElementById("com.flipkart.android:id/search_widget_textbox");
OR
//driver.findElement(By.id("com.flipkart.android:id/search_widget_textbox");

2 )By Name: The other way of locating the element is by Name of the element. We define the text of the locator and it return the object of the element but problem arises is that the text is not always unique.

Syntex are below:
//driver.findElementByName("Search for Products, Brands and More");
OR
//driver.findElement(By.name("Search for Products, Brands and More"));

How to locate Element by Content-desc?

Note : If the attribute type is “content-desc” it will be handled in the same way as we handle the attribute text, by By name method.

Handling attribute “content-desc” are as below:

Syntex of "content-desc" are below:
// 
//driver.findElementByName("Open Drawer");
OR
//driver.findElement(By.name("Open Drawer"));

3 ) By Class: We can also locate the element using class attribute but the problem again arises regarding uniqueness, As there can be multiple elements be found with same class name.

Syntex of "ClassName" are below:

//driver.findElementByClassName("android.widget.ImageView");
OR				/driver.findElement(By.className("android.widget.ImageView"));

Syntex"
//driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("Shop");

5) By Xpath: This method is the most preferred way of object identification in all area for, WebApplication along with mobile application.As we come up with many elements where unique elements or the id is not available.

So to find the locator we will use by class : android.widget.ImageButton

but the class is not unique and we do not find other attribute that is unique within this page. So the solution for such elements is using xpath.

We generally created Xpath by the combination of different attribute and also by traversing from parent to child element. Here will locate xpath by the combination of different attibute value shown below.

//Syntex
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.ImageButton[@content-desc="Open Drawer"]"));
OR

//driver.findElementByXPath("//android.widget.ImageButton[@content-desc="Open Drawer"]");

So here we made combination of class attribute and content-desc attribute to create a xpath as: //android.widget.ImageButton[@content-desc=”Open Drawer”]

Previous Topic, In this tutorial session we are going to learn how to Inspect Element Using Appium Inspector.

How to Inspect Element Using Appium Inspector?

To inspect element by Appium Inspector, we need to first connect our mobile device with our local system and follow the below steps:

Step1) Open the Appium desktop client application.

Step 2) Now Click in to Start Server, to get appium your server started.

• udid
• deviceName
• platformName (define as android)
• platformVersion (define as per per mobile device)
• noReset (define as true)
• fullReset (define as false)

We see that the Flipkart application opened in mobile device is getting displayed in appium inspecter, the screenshot is displayed on left and its properties are displaying on the right side of window.

Note: We can also click or perform any action to Hemburger menu from the appium inspector window and view all the listing under the menu option without touching the mobile device.

So we from the above tutorial we have learned inpecting of locating the elements of mobile device using Appium Inspector and perform any task for the selected element from appium inspector itself.

Previous Topic, In this tutorial we will learn Appium Mobile Device Commands and its syntex under Android driver.

What are Appium Mobile Device Commands?

Those commands which are written under the script for handling the android device features like keyboard handling, orientation etc are referred to as Appium Device Commands.

Lets discuss the commands in details:

1 ) pressKeyCode(key): As every key in the mobile device is associated with a code in its back-end, and to hit the key we need to call the keycode to perform operation.

If we want to hit the key in mobile device through appium script we call pressKeyCode(Key) method and pass keycode as a parameter. For calling keycode we use method “AndroidKeyCode“.

//Syntex
//This syntex will hit the home button of your mobile device
adriver.pressKeyCode(AndroidKeyCode.HOME);

2 ) pressKeyCode(AndroidKeyCode.KEYCODE_APP_SWITCH): There are multiple scenarios where we need to switch from on application to another application, so to handle such scenario we can use this method.

This method minimizes the current window and all the application gets displayed on single screen.

//Syntex
adriver.pressKeyCode(AndroidKeyCode.KEYCODE_APP_SWITCH);

How to change the orientation of screen in mobile device?

3 ) rotate(orientation): If we want to change the orientation of the screen of device, it can be performed using the command, this command requires screen orientation as parameter and returns nothing or void.

The orientation is defined by using the ScreenOrientation class followed by its type (ex Landscape, portrait ) etc

//Syntex
//Change orientation to landscape
driver.rotate(ScreenOrientation.LANDSCAPE);

4 ) getKeyboard(): We can perform any task on the mobile key board only when its enabled or displayed on screen.

To get the keyboard on mobile device we call getKeyboard() method, it takes nothing as parameter or void and return keyboard type object.

//Syntex
//Enable the keyboard on mobile device
driver.getKeyboard();

5 ) hideKeyboard(): To hide or disable the keyboard from the mobile screen we call the hideKeyboard() method, it take nothing and return nothing or void.

//Syntex
driver.hideKeyboard();

6 ) lockDevice(): Using the lockDevice() method, we can lock mobile device through appium script , it takes no parameter and returns void.

//Syntex
driver.lockDevice();

7 ) unlockDevice(): As we can lock mobile device, similarly we have the capability to unlock device through appium script. It takes no parameter and returns void.

//Syntex
driver.unlockDevice();

8 ) isLocked(): If we want to check whether the mobile device is locked in current session or not, we can get this information using the command. It takes no parameter and return boolean (true or false).

As per the return boolean to the condition we can perform multiple operations.

//Syntex
//It check wheter mobile device is locked or not and returns boolean
driver.isLocked();

9 ) toggleLocationServices(): Appium provides the capability to toggle the location service through command, it takes no parameter and returns void.

//Syntex
driver.toggleLocationServices();

10 ) getSessionId(): Session Id is something which active thoughout the session and provided the connectivity of appium server with mobile application.

To get the session id we use getSessionId().

//Syntex
//Will give the session id of the instance
driver.getSessionId().toString();

Conclusion:

So below are the few basic device command to work on mobile application, in next topic we will learn few more advance topic on Appium.

Please comment us for any query or suggession.