Python supports object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts. Here are the main concepts in Python OOP:

1. Classes and Objects: A class is a blueprint for creating objects, while an object is an instance of a class. Classes define the properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods) that objects of that class can have.

2. Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the process of bundling data and methods within a class, hiding the internal details and protecting the data from direct manipulation. It is achieved by using access modifiers like public, private, and protected.

3. Inheritance: Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class. The class being inherited from is called the base class or superclass, and the class inheriting from it is called the derived class or subclass. The derived class can extend or override the functionality of the base class.

4. Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. It enables methods with the same name to be called on different objects, and the appropriate method is executed based on the object’s type. Polymorphism can be achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

5. Method Overriding: Method overriding occurs when a derived class defines a method with the same name as a method in its superclass. The derived class’s method overrides the implementation of the base class method, allowing the derived class to provide its own implementation.

6. Method Overloading: Method overloading enables a class to have multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Python does not support method overloading directly, but you can achieve similar behavior using default argument values or variable-length argument lists.

7. Abstraction: Abstraction refers to the process of hiding complex implementation details and providing a simplified interface. It allows the user to interact with the objects without needing to know the underlying complexity. Abstract classes and interfaces are used to achieve abstraction in Python.

8. Composition: Composition is a form of association where one class contains an instance of another class as a member. It allows creating complex objects by combining simpler objects. Composition is often used when the relationship between classes is not a “is-a” relationship (as in inheritance) but rather a “has-a” relationship.

These concepts form the foundation of object-oriented programming in Python. By utilizing these concepts, you can create modular, reusable, and maintainable code that models real-world entities effectively.