Scrolling is nothing but moving the screen in horizontal and vertical direction.

How to Scroll Up or Down in Selenium?

If a particular element is not visible in current web application window because of which we need scrolling to view the element in a particular direction .

1) Vertical Scrolling: It can be performed when we try to scroll the web page in downward direction with its pixels.The syntax for vertical scrolling is as below:

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;  
js.executeScript(Script,Arguments); 

• Open a web application www.code2test.com
• Click to selenium menu.
• Now perform the vertical scrolling.

package SeleniumArchitecture;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class Scrolling_using_selenium {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {// System property of the Chrome driver

System.setProperty( "webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Users\\XXXXX\\Desktop\\Eclipse_Installer\\GeckoDriver\\chromedriver.exe");	  
// Create oject of chrome driver WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
 Thread.sleep(3000);       
 ChromeDriver    driver= new ChromeDriver();	  
 driver.manage().window().maximize(); Thread.sleep(3000);
 driver.get("https://code2test.com/");
 //click to selenium menu
 driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='menu-post-1']/li[3]/a")).click();
 Thread.sleep(3000);
 JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
 //Scroll vertical direction 100 pixel 
 js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,1000)");		
	}
}

ScrollIntoView():This code will scroll in the web page until the particular element gets visible to the current page. It keeps on scrolling in the page till the visibility on the screen. The Syntax of ScrollIntoView() is below:

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; 
js.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();",Element );

Lets consider a scenario to perform vertical scrolling:

• Open a web application www.code2test.com
• Click to selenium menu.
• Now perform the vertical scrolling and .

In the above code “selectFromDateTitle” is the locator of an element.

“argument[0]” is the index of page which stars from “0”

What is Horizontal Scrolling?

2) Horizontal scrolling: In horizontal scrolling the scrolling is performed on left to right Or right to left on web page, the horizontal scrolling can be done by coding by providing the x-axis co-ordinates on ScrollBy( ) method. Let see the syntax below.

executeScript(“window.scrollBy(x-pixels,y-pixels)”);

Also horizontal scrolling can be performed by ScrollIntoView() method, where an scrolling is performed till the element is available on the current page.

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; 
js.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();",Element );

Consider the below scenario:

• Open the web application of online job portal https://www.naukri.com/
• After it opens, it opens with two other window.
• Close both the other window
• Now take the control of driver to main page
• print the title of main page

• In selenium, we can capture the window ids of multiple windows using driver.getWindowHandles(), it returns a set and add all the window ids present in the current driver instance.

code -> Set windowIds=driver.getWindowHandles();

• Now its time to iterate the window ids for this we call iterator, in set we iterate using iterator()

code-> Iterator itera= windowIds.iterator();

• Now apply an if statement having condition that window ids are equal to 3 (note we have 3 window appearing to this application) and click to next till iteration to the window ids which need to be closed. and on pointing to that close the driver and then switch to main window

Code->

if(windowIds.size()==3) {

String MainWindowID = itera.next();
String secondWindowID = itera.next();
String thirdWindowID = itera.next();
driver.switchTo().window(secondWindowID);
driver.close();
driver.switchTo().window(thirdWindowID);
driver.close();
driver.switchTo().window(MainWindowID);
 String mainWindowTitle = driver.getTitle();

 System.out.println("Title for the main window is --------------->"+mainWindowTitle);
      }

To understand date picker lets consider a scenario and code for date picker.

• Open a web application of Bus Services https://utconline.uk.gov.in/Home.aspx
• Click to Journey date
• select a date from calendar from generic method

Complete Code for the above scenario:

public static void datePicker(String enterDate, WebDriver driver) throws ParseException {

Date current = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat dFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("d/MM/yyyy");
try {
Date dateToSelect = dFormat.parse(enterDate);

String day = new SimpleDateFormat("d").format(dateToSelect);
String month = new SimpleDateFormat("MMMM").format(dateToSelect);
String year = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy").format(dateToSelect);

System.out.println(day + "     " + month + "     " + year + "      ");

String requiredMonth = month + " " + year;

System.out.println("Required month Year-------------" + requiredMonth);

WebElement clickDateField = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='txtDate']"));
clickDateField.click();

Boolean flag = true;

while (flag) {

String monthoncalenderHeader = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@class='ui-datepicker-title']"))
.getText();

if (requiredMonth.equalsIgnoreCase(monthoncalenderHeader)) {
					driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='" + day + "']")).click();

flag = false;

break;
} else {

if (dateToSelect.compareTo(current) > 0)

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@data-handler='next']")).click();

else if (dateToSelect.compareTo(current) < 0)						driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@data-handler='prev']")).click();
				}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}

• Firstly create the object of date class and assign in to DD/MM/YYYY format as below in code

Date current = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat dFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("d/MM/yyyy");

• Under try catch block parse the date extract or bifurcate the date, month and year in a String from .format method also take the month and year in a string as the per the calender header in web application

Date dateToSelect = dFormat.parse(enterDate);

String day = new SimpleDateFormat("d").format(dateToSelect);
String month = new SimpleDateFormat("MMMM").format(dateToSelect);
String year = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy").format(dateToSelect);

System.out.println(day + "          " + month + "     " + year + "         ");

String requiredMonth = month + " " + year;

• Now click to the text field of calender, so that the calender get populated

WebElement clickDateField = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='txtDate']"));
clickDateField.click();

• Now open a while loop and create a condition on if statement that if the required month year is equal to the month year displayed in header of calendar in web application then click to the date on that window if not move to else condition
• Under Else Condition if the required month year is greater that the month year present in the header displayed in the calendar on web application the click to next button, and if its less than click to previous button.

Boolean flag = true;
while (flag) {

String monthoncalenderHeader = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@class='ui-datepicker-title']"))
.getText();

if (requiredMonth.equalsIgnoreCase(monthoncalenderHeader)) {				driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='" + day + "']")).click();

flag = false;

break;
} else {

if (dateToSelect.compareTo(current) > 0)					driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@data-handler='next']")).click();
else if (dateToSelect.compareTo(current) < 0)						driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@data-handler='prev']")).click();
}	
}

Password Encryption and Decryption is selenium web driver is a technique in selenium , of encrypting the password or the user credentials so that it cannot be read by unauthorized individual from directly accessing it or in other words encryption of data is binded in such way that different individual or unauthorized person cannot understand it in simple text .

What is implicit, explicit & Fluent wait in selenium?

As we know that the Web application are been developed by the developers in different technology like javascript etc., so these application takes different time span for the loading of the web page, there may be many other reason for the delay in loading of web page that can be slowness or environmental issue etc.

So to overcome and make our automation script wait for the time required for web page to load and prevends from ‘ ElementNotVisibleException‘ we use wait commands.

There are basically 3 types of wait in selenium webdriver these are:

1) Implicit wait: By implementing the implicit wait in selenium webdriver automation script, the script wait for certain time span for the webpage to load and execution do not gets effected. The syntax for implicit wait is below.

Syntax:

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(TimeOut, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

This command accepts the 2 parameters which is Timeout in integer and measurement of time period these are SECONDS, MINUTES, MILISECOND etc.

Previous Topic, Mouse Hover Action in Selenium: its basically an action which is performed when user takes the mouse cursor at any of the elements like menu, Tab etc,

it automatically triggers an event and displays multiple sets of other options.

In selenium webdriver Using Action Class we can move to any of the element visible in web page. The method exposed to take control on mouse hover in selenium is below.

• moveToElement(Webdriver)
• moveToElement(target, xOffset, yOffset)

Lets discuss both defined methods in Action class in details.

1) moveToElement(Webdriver): This method can be called in selenium webdriver once we have created the instance variable of Action class, and calling the instance variable followed by (.) ,we can call the method.So lets code.

So to under this consider a scenario.

• Launch website http://www.airindia.in/ on chrome browser.
• Maximise your browser.
• mouse hover to “Manage Your Trip” menu at the top
• quit the browser

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class FiestTestScriptChrome {
public Boolean Flag =false;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException  {
//System property of the Chrome driver 
			  System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Users\\XXXXXXXXX\\Desktop\\Eclipse_Installer\\GeckoDriver\\chromedriver.exe");
			  
 // Create oject of chrome driver 
 WebDriver driver =  new ChromeDriver();
 Thread.sleep(3000);
			  
 driver.get("http://www.airindia.in/");
			 
 driver.manage().window().maximize();
 Thread.sleep(3000);
			  					  
			  
WebElement manageMyTrip =driver.findElement(By.id("aMnu1"));
			   
Actions mouseActn=new Actions(driver);			 			mouseActn.moveToElement(manageMyTrip).build().perform();
			
Thread.sleep(3000);
			  
 driver.quit();
			  
	}

}

So let discuss the code in details.

In the above code after opening the website and maximise the browser, we have created the xpath for element “Manage your Trip” by id attribute as WebElement manageMyTrip =driver.findElement(By.id(“aMnu1”));

After that we have instanciated the Actions class and passing the driver as parameter as Actions mouseActn=new Actions(driver);

After creating the object of Actions class, we used the instance variable (mouseActn) and click to (.) and called the method (moveToMethod) along with build().perform().

The reason for calling the build() method and perform method id as below:

• Build(): This method is called to generate all the actions on a single action.It helps to build the composite method action and perform the action.
• perform(): This method is used to perform all the actions defined but we initially provide build method get in a single action.

How to Move To Element in selenium using x,y offset?

2) moveToElement(target, xOffset, yOffset): Till now we have leaned how to mouse hover in selenium using moveToElement() method by passing Webelement , but sometimes using this method we hover mouse at the mid of the element and trigger the event, but in some of the web page we have to hover the mouse action using the x offset and y offset, for ex in Slidder we need to mouse hover till we reach to a defined position.

So in that case we have the to provide the location x offset and y offset as a parameter in oveToElement(target, xOffset, yOffset) method. WE have to perform the action the same way as we did earlier, just need to pass extra parameters to the method as below:

Consider xoffset is 40 and y offset is 10, so the code will as

Actions mouseActn=new Actions(driver);			 			mouseActn.moveToElement(manageMyTrip, 40,10).build().perform()

Webdriver browser commands are those commands in selenium webdriver from where we can perform any browser operation with defined set of method.

The Method which is called using (.) from reference variable of browser object (can be any chrome,firefox, ie etc) have method with parameter and it return with particular return type or void(no return type).

Lets discuss the Webdriver-Browser commands in details.

1) get command: This method loads a new URL or Webpage on the existing web browser and return void (no return type).The method is displayed void.

Command– driver.get();

Code: driver.get(“http://www.google.com”); String URL = “https://code2test.com”;
driver.get(URL);

2) getTitle(): In Webdriver , the get title retrieves the title of the current web page as it don not accept any parameter and returns a string.

Code: driver. getTitle(“http://www.google.com”);

3) getCurrentUrl(): This method return String, it basically retrives the Url of the current web page treats it as a string .

Code:  String CurrentUrl = driver.getCurrentUrl();

4) getPageSource(): In Webdriver, getPageSource() method helps to extract the sourcecode of your current web page present in browser.

Code: driver. getSourceCode();

CSS: It stands for “Cascading Style Sheets”, the css is provided in Dom structure for styling, alignment,colouring etc. helps to style a web page. Due to its mechanism it provides a unique approach for object identification in test automation in selenium along with other tools.

Advantage of using Css selector:

• Faster than xpath
• most browser support
• its concise than xpath
• ease to implement

Let discuss the Css locator in depth.

For css locator for the Email text box in facebook page is:

input[name=’email’]

Css locator for the Emai or phone text in facebook page is:

td.html7magic

Css locator for the Emai or phone text in facebook page is using id is:

input#email

Css locator for the Emai text Box in facebook page using contains :

input[id*=’em’]

Css locator for the password text Box in facebook page starts-with :

input[type^=’pas’]

Css locator for the password text Box in facebook page starts-with :

input[type$=’word’]

XPATH: html/body/span/input

CSS : html >body> Span > input

Css locator forEmail or phone text in facebook page is below :